Hydrogenation of vanaspati ghee is an example of _______ adsorption.

Options

A. physical
B. Chemical
C. both (1) and (2)
D. none of these

Answer

To solve the question "Hydrogenation of vanaspati ghee is an example of _______ adsorption," we need to analyze the process of hydrogenation and the type of adsorption involved.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Adsorption**:
- Adsorption is the process in which atoms, ions, or molecules from a gas, liquid, or dissolved solid adhere to a surface. This process can be classified into two main types: physical adsorption and chemical adsorption.

2. **Types of Adsorption**:
- **Physical Adsorption**: This type involves weak van der Waals forces between the adsorbate (the substance being adsorbed) and the adsorbent (the surface on which adsorption occurs). It is generally reversible and does not involve any significant change in the chemical structure of the adsorbate.
- **Chemical Adsorption (Chemisorption)**: This involves the formation of strong chemical bonds between the adsorbate and the adsorbent. This process is usually irreversible and involves a change in the chemical structure of the adsorbate.

3. **Hydrogenation Process**:
- The hydrogenation of vanaspati ghee involves the addition of hydrogen (H2) to unsaturated vegetable oils, which are typically liquid at room temperature. This process is carried out in the presence of a catalyst, often nickel.
- During hydrogenation, hydrogen gas is adsorbed onto the surface of the nickel catalyst, where it reacts with the unsaturated bonds in the vegetable oils, converting them into saturated fats.

4. **Identifying the Type of Adsorption**:
- Since the hydrogen gas forms chemical bonds with the unsaturated oils during the hydrogenation process, this indicates that the adsorption occurring in this reaction is chemical adsorption (chemisorption).
- The presence of a catalyst (nickel) and the formation of new chemical bonds during the reaction further confirm that this is a case of chemical adsorption.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the hydrogenation of vanaspati ghee is an example of **chemical adsorption**.

### Final Answer:
Hydrogenation of vanaspati ghee is an example of **chemical adsorption**.

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