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Oxidation state of phosphorus is least i...

Oxidation state of phosphorus is least in

A

Hypophosphoric acid

B

Hypophosphorus acid

C

Metaphosphoric acid

D

Pyrophosphoric acid

Text Solution

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The correct Answer is:
To determine the oxidation state of phosphorus in various acids and identify which has the least oxidation state, we will analyze each option step by step. ### Step 1: Analyze Hypophosphoric Acid - **Formula**: H₄P₂O₆ - **Oxidation State Calculation**: - Let the oxidation state of phosphorus be \( x \). - The equation based on the formula is: \[ 4 + 2x + (-6) = 0 \] - Simplifying gives: \[ 2x - 2 = 0 \implies 2x = 2 \implies x = +1 \] - **Conclusion**: The oxidation state of phosphorus in hypophosphoric acid is +1. ### Step 2: Analyze Hypophosphorous Acid - **Formula**: H₃PO₂ - **Oxidation State Calculation**: - Let the oxidation state of phosphorus be \( x \). - The equation based on the formula is: \[ 3 + x + (-4) = 0 \] - Simplifying gives: \[ x - 1 = 0 \implies x = +1 \] - **Conclusion**: The oxidation state of phosphorus in hypophosphorous acid is +1. ### Step 3: Analyze Metaphosphoric Acid - **Formula**: HPO₃ - **Oxidation State Calculation**: - Let the oxidation state of phosphorus be \( x \). - The equation based on the formula is: \[ 1 + x + (-6) = 0 \] - Simplifying gives: \[ x - 5 = 0 \implies x = +5 \] - **Conclusion**: The oxidation state of phosphorus in metaphosphoric acid is +5. ### Step 4: Analyze Pyrophosphoric Acid - **Formula**: H₄P₂O₇ - **Oxidation State Calculation**: - Let the oxidation state of phosphorus be \( x \). - The equation based on the formula is: \[ 4 + 2x + (-14) = 0 \] - Simplifying gives: \[ 2x - 10 = 0 \implies 2x = 10 \implies x = +5 \] - **Conclusion**: The oxidation state of phosphorus in pyrophosphoric acid is +5. ### Final Conclusion - The oxidation states of phosphorus in the acids are: - Hypophosphoric Acid: +1 - Hypophosphorous Acid: +1 - Metaphosphoric Acid: +5 - Pyrophosphoric Acid: +5 The least oxidation state of phosphorus is found in **Hypophosphoric Acid and Hypophosphorous Acid**, both having an oxidation state of +1. ### Answer The oxidation state of phosphorus is least in **Hypophosphoric Acid** and **Hypophosphorous Acid** (both +1).
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