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(A): Water forms hydronium ion in acid s...

(A): Water forms hydronium ion in acid solutions
(R): The maximum covalency of oxygen is three 

A

Both A & R are true, R is the correct explanation of A

B

Both A & R are true, R is not correct explanation of A

C

A is true, R is false

D

A is false, R is true

Text Solution

AI Generated Solution

The correct Answer is:
To solve the assertion and reason question, we will analyze both parts step by step. ### Step 1: Analyze the Assertion **Assertion (A): Water forms hydronium ion in acid solutions.** - When an acid (HA) dissolves in water, it dissociates to release a proton (H⁺) and an anion (A⁻). - The water molecule (H₂O) can accept this proton (H⁺) due to the presence of lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen atom. - When water accepts a proton, it forms the hydronium ion (H₃O⁺). **Conclusion for Assertion:** - The assertion is **true** because it accurately describes the formation of the hydronium ion in acidic solutions. ### Step 2: Analyze the Reason **Reason (R): The maximum covalency of oxygen is three.** - Covalency refers to the number of bonds an atom can form. Oxygen typically forms two covalent bonds (as seen in water, H₂O). - In the case of hydronium ion (H₃O⁺), oxygen forms two covalent bonds with two hydrogen atoms and one coordinate bond with the third hydrogen ion (H⁺). - The coordinate bond does not count as a covalent bond in the traditional sense; thus, the maximum covalency of oxygen is actually **two**, not three. **Conclusion for Reason:** - The reason is **false** because it incorrectly states the maximum covalency of oxygen. ### Final Conclusion - Since the assertion is true and the reason is false, the correct answer is: **A is true, R is false.** ---
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