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(A): Water is the most stable hydride of...

(A): Water is the most stable hydride of chalcogens
(R): Among M-H bonds of chacogen hydrides, `O-H` bond is more stable. 

A

Both A & R are true, R is the correct explanation of A

B

Both A & R are true, R is not correct explanation of A

C

A is true, R is false

D

A is false, R is true

Text Solution

AI Generated Solution

The correct Answer is:
To analyze the statements given in the question, we will break down the reasoning step by step. ### Step 1: Understanding the Question The question presents two statements: - (A): Water is the most stable hydride of chalcogens. - (R): Among M-H bonds of chalcogen hydrides, the O-H bond is more stable. ### Step 2: Evaluating Statement (A) - The chalcogens refer to the elements in Group 16 of the periodic table, which include oxygen (O), sulfur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), and polonium (Po). - Among the hydrides of these elements, we consider water (H2O), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), hydrogen selenide (H2Se), hydrogen telluride (H2Te), and so on. - Water (H2O) is known to be a very stable molecule due to its strong hydrogen bonding and high bond dissociation energy. ### Step 3: Evaluating Statement (R) - The statement claims that the O-H bond is more stable than the M-H bonds in chalcogen hydrides. - The O-H bond in water has a high bond dissociation energy, which indicates that it is a strong bond. - This strength can be attributed to the small size of the oxygen atom, which allows for effective overlap with the hydrogen atom's orbital, and the high electronegativity of oxygen, which leads to a strong polar bond. ### Step 4: Conclusion - Both statements (A) and (R) are true. - Statement (R) correctly explains why statement (A) is true, as the stability of water as a hydride is largely due to the strength of the O-H bond compared to other M-H bonds in chalcogen hydrides. ### Final Answer Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
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Stabilities of alkanes can be compared by converting these compounds to a common product and comparing the amount of the heat given off. One possibility would be to measure the heat of combustion from converting alkenes to CO_(2) and H_(2)O . The heats of combustion are of large values and measuring small difference in these large numbers is difficult. Alkene of the lowest heat of combustion among isomeric alkenes is of the lowest energy and is most stable. Th stability of alkenes is often compared by meansuring the ehat of hydrogenation 9 heat given off, Delta H_(h)^(@) during catalytic hydrogenation. The heat of hydrogenation is in smal number, which provides more accurate energy difference. For a compound containing more than one double bond, Delta_(h)^(@) is the sum of heat of hydrogenation of individual double bonds. For non - conjugated diens, this additive relatioship is found to hold. For conjugated dienes, however, the measured value is slightly lower than expected. Cumulated dienes, which are even less stable than non - conjugated dienes. The more stable is the alkene, lower is the heat of combustion and heat of hydrogenation. More highly substituted double bonds are usually more stable. In case of cyclokanes, compounds having higher angle strin are less stable. In which of the following is Delta H^_(h)^(@) the maximum ?

Stabilities of alkanes can be compared by converting these compounds to a common product and comparing the amount of the heat given off. One possiblitiy would be to measure the heat of combustion from converting alkenes to xo_(2) and H_(2)O . The heats of combustion are of large values and measuring small difference in these large numbers is difficult. Alkene of the lowest heat of combustion among isomeric alkenes is of the lowest energy and is most stable. Th stability of alkenes is often compared by meansuring the ehat of hydrogenation 9 heat given off, Delta H_(h)^(@) during catalytic hydrogenation. The heat of hydrogenation is in smal number, which provides more accurate energy difference. For a compound containing more than one double bond, Delta_(h)^(@) is the sum of heat of hydrogenation of individual double bonds. For non - conjugated diens, this additive relatioship is found to hold. For conjugated dienes, however, the measured value is slightly lower than expected. Cumulated dienes, which are even less stable than non - conjugated dienes. The more stable is the alkene, lower is the heat of combustion and heat of hydrogenation. More highly substituted double bonds are usually more stable. In case of cyclokanes, compounds having higher angle strin are less stable. The wrong option among the following statements is :

Stabilities of alkanes can be compared by converting these compounds to a common product and comparing the amount of the heat given off. One possibility would be to measure the heat of combustion from converting alkenes to CO_(2) and H_(2)O . The heats of combustion are of large values and measuring small difference in these large numbers is difficult. Alkene of the lowest heat of combustion among isomeric alkenes is of the lowest energy and is most stable. Th stability of alkenes is often compared by meansuring the ehat of hydrogenation 9 heat given off, Delta H_(h)^(@) during catalytic hydrogenation. The heat of hydrogenation is in smal number, which provides more accurate energy difference. For a compound containing more than one double bond, Delta_(h)^(@) is the sum of heat of hydrogenation of individual double bonds. For non - conjugated diens, this additive relatioship is found to hold. For conjugated dienes, however, the measured value is slightly lower than expected. Cumulated dienes, which are even less stable than non - conjugated dienes. The more stable is the alkene, lower is the heat of combustion and heat of hydrogenation. More highly substituted double bonds are usually more stable. In case of cyclokanes, compounds having higher angle strin are less stable. Which statement is false ?