Outer electronic configuration of the element Palladium is

Options

A. `4d^(5)5s^(1)`
B. `4d^(9)5s^(2)`
C. `4d^(10)5s^(1)`
D. `4d^(10)5s^(0)`

Answer

To determine the outer electronic configuration of the element Palladium (Pd), we will follow these steps:

### Step 1: Identify the Atomic Number
Palladium has an atomic number of 46. This means it has 46 electrons.

### Step 2: Write the Electronic Configuration
Using the Aufbau principle, we fill the atomic orbitals in order of increasing energy. The order of filling is as follows:
1. 1s
2. 2s
3. 2p
4. 3s
5. 3p
6. 4s
7. 3d
8. 4p
9. 5s
10. 4d
11. 5p
12. 6s
13. 4f
14. 5d
15. 6p

Now, we fill these orbitals with electrons up to the atomic number of Palladium (46):
- 1s² (2 electrons)
- 2s² (2 electrons)
- 2p⁶ (6 electrons)
- 3s² (2 electrons)
- 3p⁶ (6 electrons)
- 4s² (2 electrons)
- 3d¹⁰ (10 electrons)
- 4p⁶ (6 electrons)
- 5s² (2 electrons)

At this point, we have filled 40 electrons. We have 6 electrons left to distribute, which will go into the 4d orbital:
- 4d⁸ (8 electrons)

This gives us the configuration:
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d⁸.

### Step 3: Adjust for Stability
However, we need to consider the stability of the orbitals. It is known that completely filled and half-filled orbitals are more stable than those that are not.

- The 5s orbital has 2 electrons, and the 4d orbital has 8 electrons.
- To achieve a more stable configuration, 2 electrons from the 5s orbital can be moved to the 4d orbital.

This results in:
- 5s⁰ (0 electrons)
- 4d¹⁰ (10 electrons)

### Final Configuration
Thus, the outer electronic configuration of Palladium is:
**4d¹⁰ 5s⁰**

### Answer
The correct option is **4d¹⁰ 5s⁰**.

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