Chromatids of each chromosome are separated during

Options

A. a. Anaphase
B. b. Anaphase-I
C. c. Anaphase-II
D. d. 1 and 3

Answer

To answer the question "Chromatids of each chromosome are separated during," we need to analyze the processes of cell division, specifically mitosis and meiosis. Here’s a step-by-step solution:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Chromatids**:
- Each chromosome consists of two identical halves called chromatids, which are joined together at a region known as the centromere.

2. **Phases of Cell Division**:
- There are two main types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis.
- Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, while meiosis results in four genetically diverse cells with half the chromosome number.

3. **Mitosis**:
- During mitosis, specifically in the **anaphase** stage, the spindle fibers pull the sister chromatids apart towards opposite poles of the cell. This separation ensures that each daughter cell will receive an identical set of chromosomes.

4. **Meiosis**:
- Meiosis consists of two rounds of division: meiosis I and meiosis II.
- In **meiosis I**, homologous chromosomes are separated, but the sister chromatids remain attached.
- In **meiosis II**, which is similar to mitosis, the sister chromatids are separated during the **anaphase II** stage.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Chromatids are separated during both **anaphase of mitosis** and **anaphase II of meiosis**. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is that chromatids of each chromosome are separated during both options 1 (anaphase) and 3 (anaphase II).

### Final Answer:
The chromatids of each chromosome are separated during **anaphase (mitosis)** and **anaphase II (meiosis)**. Thus, the correct answer is **both option 1 and option 3**.

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