The type of nephridia which are extended upto the last segments are 

Options

A. pharyngeal, septal
B. integumentary, pharyngeal
C. both 1 & 2
D. integumentary, septal

Answer

To solve the question regarding the type of nephridia that extend up to the last segments in earthworms, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand the Structure of Earthworms**:
- Earthworms have a segmented body structure. Each segment has specific organs, including excretory organs called nephridia.

2. **Identify Types of Nephridia**:
- There are three types of nephridia in earthworms based on their location:
- **Integumentary Nephridia**: These start from the third segment and extend to the last segment.
- **Pharyngeal Nephridia**: These are present in three pairs located in the fourth, fifth, and sixth segments.
- **Septal Nephridia**: These begin in the fifteenth segment and extend to the last segment.

3. **Determine Which Nephridia Extend to the Last Segment**:
- From the information gathered:
- **Integumentary Nephridia** extend from the third segment to the last segment.
- **Septal Nephridia** also extend from the fifteenth segment to the last segment.
- **Pharyngeal Nephridia** do not extend to the last segment.

4. **Conclude the Answer**:
- Therefore, the types of nephridia that are extended up to the last segments are **Integumentary Nephridia** and **Septal Nephridia**.

5. **Final Answer**:
- The correct answer to the question is: **Integumentary and Septal Nephridia**.