Which of the following pairs of asexual reproductive strcutures is found in animals?

Options

A. Conidia and Buds
B. Buds and Gemmules
C. Zoospores and Conidia
D. Gemmules and Zoospores

Answer

To solve the question about which pair of asexual reproductive structures is found in animals, we will analyze each option provided.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Asexual Reproduction**:
- Asexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes. It typically involves structures that can reproduce independently.

2. **Analyzing the Options**:
- The options given are:
- A) Cuneidia and birds
- B) Birds and gemmules
- C) Zoospores and cuneidia
- D) Gemmules and zoospores

3. **Evaluating Cuneidia**:
- Cuneidia are reproductive structures found in fungi, specifically in the genus Penicillium. Since fungi are not classified as animals, this option cannot be correct.

4. **Evaluating Birds**:
- Birds are indeed animals. However, the term "birds" in this context refers to a method of asexual reproduction known as budding, which is observed in organisms like Hydra. Therefore, birds can be considered in the context of asexual reproduction.

5. **Evaluating Zoospores**:
- Zoospores are a type of asexual reproductive structure that is primarily found in certain protists, bacteria, and fungi. Since they are not found in animals, this option is also incorrect.

6. **Evaluating Gemmules**:
- Gemmules are specialized asexual reproductive structures found in sponges, which belong to the phylum Porifera. Since sponges are classified as animals, gemmules are relevant to our question.

7. **Identifying the Correct Pair**:
- The only pair that includes structures found in animals is "birds and gemmules". Birds (as in budding in Hydra) and gemmules (in sponges) are both associated with asexual reproduction in animals.

8. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the correct answer is **Option B: Birds and Gemmules**.