Which of the following is a type of agamospermy?

Options

A. Layering
B. grafting
C. Adventitive embryony
D. All of these

Answer

To solve the question "Which of the following is a type of agamospermy?", we need to understand what agamospermy is and analyze the given options.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand Agamospermy**:
- Agamospermy, also known as apomixis, is a form of asexual reproduction that mimics sexual reproduction. In this process, seeds are produced without fertilization, leading to the development of seeds that are genetically identical to the parent plant.

2. **Analyze the Options**:
- The options provided are:
1. Layering
2. Grafting
3. Adventive Embryony
4. All of the above

3. **Evaluate Each Option**:
- **Layering**: This is a method of vegetative propagation where a stem is bent to the ground and covered with soil, allowing it to root while still attached to the parent plant. This method does not involve the formation of seeds.
- **Grafting**: This is another method of vegetative propagation where tissues from one plant are inserted into those of another. Like layering, it does not involve seed formation.
- **Adventive Embryony**: This is a type of agamospermy where embryos develop from cells other than the fertilized egg, such as from the nucellus or integument. This process can lead to the formation of seeds without fertilization, making it a true example of agamospermy.

4. **Identify the Correct Answer**:
- Since both layering and grafting do not produce seeds and are methods of vegetative propagation, they are not types of agamospermy. Adventive embryony, on the other hand, is a recognized type of agamospermy.
- Therefore, the correct answer is **Adventive Embryony**.

5. **Final Answer**:
- The correct option is **Adventive Embryony**.