IPM involves

Options

A. Tissue culture
B. Confusion technique
C. Biofertilizers
D. Biocontrol

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding IPM**: IPM stands for Integrated Pest Management. It is a comprehensive approach to managing pests that combines various strategies and practices to minimize their impact on crops and the environment.

2. **Components of IPM**: IPM relies on a combination of common sense practices and current information about pest life cycles and their interactions with the environment. This includes understanding the biology of the pests and their natural enemies.

3. **Methods Used in IPM**: The methods used in IPM can include biological control, cultural practices, mechanical control, and the use of chemical pesticides as a last resort. The aim is to manage pest populations economically and with minimal risk to human health and the environment.

4. **Evaluating the Options**:
- **Tissue Culture**: This is a method for growing plant cells or tissues in a controlled environment, separate from the parent organism. It is not directly related to pest management.
- **Confusion Technique**: This involves using synthetic pheromones to confuse pests and reduce mating. While it is a method of biological control, it is not the primary focus of IPM.
- **Biofertilizer**: These are living microorganisms that enhance nutrient availability in the soil. While beneficial for plant growth, they do not directly pertain to pest management.
- **Biocontrol**: This is a method of controlling pests using their natural enemies, which is a key component of IPM.

5. **Conclusion**: The correct answer is that IPM involves biocontrol, as it is a strategy that utilizes biological methods to manage pest populations effectively.