Cardiac output can be increased due to these hormones

Options

A. pancreatic hormones
B. adrenal cortical hormones
C. adrenal medullary hormones
D. parathyroid hormone

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Cardiac Output**:
- Cardiac output (CO) is defined as the amount of blood the heart pumps through the circulatory system in one minute. It is a critical measure of heart function and overall cardiovascular health.

2. **Identifying Hormones that Affect Cardiac Output**:
- Several hormones can influence cardiac output by affecting heart rate, contractility, and blood vessel tone.

3. **Evaluating the Options**:
- **Option A: Pancreatic hormones**: These hormones primarily regulate blood sugar levels and do not have a direct effect on cardiac output.
- **Option B: Adrenal cortical hormones**: These hormones, such as cortisol, are involved in stress responses and metabolism but do not significantly increase cardiac output.
- **Option C: Adrenal medullary hormones**: These include epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which are released during stress or physical activity. They increase heart rate and contractility, thereby increasing cardiac output.
- **Option D: Parathyroid hormones**: These hormones regulate calcium levels in the blood and do not directly affect cardiac output.

4. **Conclusion**:
- Based on the evaluation, the hormone that can significantly increase cardiac output is from the adrenal medulla. Therefore, the correct answer is **Option C: Adrenal medullary hormones**.