The normal state of an atom or molecule is known as

Options

A. Ground state
B. Singlet state
C. Both (1) & (2)
D. Excited state

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Atomic States**: Atoms and molecules can exist in different energy states. These states are determined by the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus and the energy levels they occupy.

2. **Defining Ground State**: The lowest energy state of an atom or molecule is referred to as the ground state. This is the most stable configuration where the electrons are in their lowest energy levels.

3. **Identifying Other States**: In contrast to the ground state, there are excited states. An excited state occurs when an atom or molecule absorbs energy and one or more electrons are promoted to higher energy levels.

4. **Conclusion**: Since the question asks for the normal state of an atom or molecule, the correct answer is the ground state, as it represents the lowest energy and most stable configuration.

5. **Final Answer**: Therefore, the answer to the question is option A, ground state.

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