The cluster of species formed on Galapagos island are clear example of all except

Options

A. Adaptive radiation
B. Sympatic speciation
C. Founders effects
D. Microevolution leading to macroevlution

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Question:**
The question asks which of the given options is not applicable to the cluster of species formed on the Galapagos Islands. We have four options: adaptive radiation, sympatric speciation, founder's effect, and microevolution leading to macroevolution.

2. **Analyzing Each Option:**
- **Adaptive Radiation:** This refers to the rapid evolution of species to exploit different ecological niches. The Galapagos finches are a classic example, as they evolved into various species that fill different niches on the islands. Therefore, this option is applicable.

- **Sympatric Speciation:** This occurs when species evolve from a common ancestor while inhabiting the same geographic region. The Galapagos Islands, with their close proximity of species, can also be seen as an example of this type of speciation. Hence, this option is also applicable.

- **Founder's Effect:** This concept involves a loss of genetic variation when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals. The Galapagos finches, which originated from a small number of ancestors, illustrate this effect well. Thus, this option is applicable as well.

- **Microevolution leading to Macroevolution:** Microevolution refers to small evolutionary changes within a species, while macroevolution refers to larger evolutionary changes that can lead to the formation of new species. The Galapagos finches are primarily an example of adaptive radiation rather than a direct illustration of microevolution leading to macroevolution. Therefore, this option is the one that does not apply.

3. **Conclusion:**
The cluster of species formed on the Galapagos Islands is a clear example of all except **microevolution leading to macroevolution**.

**Final Answer: Microevolution leading to macroevolution.**

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