New species arise by sudden jump according to

Options

A. Hugo de Vries
B. Lamarck
C. Darwin
D. Sewall Wright

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks which theory proposes that new species arise by sudden jumps. We need to evaluate the options provided to identify the correct answer.

2. **Evaluating Option A: Hugo de Vries**: Hugo de Vries is known for proposing the mutation theory of evolution. According to this theory, new species can arise suddenly due to large, random mutations that are heritable. This means that these mutations can lead to significant changes in an organism's traits, potentially resulting in the formation of a new species. Therefore, this option is correct.

3. **Evaluating Option B: Lamarck**: Jean-Baptiste Lamarck proposed the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics. He suggested that traits acquired during an organism's lifetime could be passed on to its offspring. However, this theory does not support the idea of sudden jumps in species formation. Thus, this option is incorrect.

4. **Evaluating Option C: Charles Darwin**: Charles Darwin is famous for his theory of natural selection, which explains how species evolve over time through gradual changes and survival of the fittest. This theory does not account for sudden jumps in the emergence of new species. Therefore, this option is also incorrect.

5. **Evaluating Option D: Sewall Wright**: Sewall Wright contributed to the understanding of genetic drift, which involves random changes in allele frequencies within a population. While genetic drift is an important evolutionary mechanism, it does not specifically explain the sudden formation of new species. Hence, this option is incorrect.

6. **Conclusion**: After evaluating all options, the only theory that supports the idea of new species arising by sudden jumps is the mutation theory proposed by Hugo de Vries. Therefore, the correct answer is **Option A: Hugo de Vries**.

---