___________ structures associated with shape of protiens.

Explanation

To answer the question regarding the structures associated with the shape of proteins, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Protein Structure**: Proteins have different levels of structure that contribute to their overall shape. These levels are classified as primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures.

2. **Primary Structure**: The primary structure of a protein refers to the specific sequence of amino acids that make up the protein. This sequence is crucial because it dictates how the protein will fold and ultimately determine its shape.

3. **Secondary Structure**: The secondary structure involves local folding of the amino acid chain into structures such as alpha-helices and beta-pleated sheets. These structures are stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the backbone of the amino acids.

4. **Tertiary Structure**: The tertiary structure is the overall three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide chain. It is formed by the interactions between the side chains (R groups) of the amino acids, including hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds, and disulfide bridges.

5. **Quaternary Structure**: Some proteins consist of multiple polypeptide chains, and their quaternary structure refers to the arrangement and interaction of these chains. This structure is important for the function of many proteins.

6. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the structures associated with the shape of proteins are primarily the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures. However, the primary structure (the sequence of amino acids) is the most fundamental determinant of a protein's shape.

### Final Answer:
The structures associated with the shape of proteins are **primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures**, with the primary structure being the most crucial as it determines the sequence of amino acids.

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