Monomers are converted to polymers by

Options

A. Hydrolysis of monomers
B. Condensation reaction between monomers
C. Protonation of monomers
D. None of these

Answer

To answer the question "Monomers are converted to polymers by," we will break down the process step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Monomers and Polymers**:
- Monomers are small, simple molecules that can join together to form larger, more complex structures called polymers.

2. **Types of Reactions**:
- There are two primary types of reactions through which monomers can be converted into polymers: **condensation reactions** and **addition reactions**.
- In a condensation reaction, two monomers combine to form a polymer, and a small molecule (usually water) is released as a byproduct.
- In an addition reaction, monomers add together without the loss of any small molecules.

3. **Identifying the Correct Reaction**:
- The question specifically asks how monomers are converted to polymers. Among the options provided:
- Hydrolysis of monomers: This is not correct as hydrolysis breaks down polymers into monomers.
- Condensation reaction between monomers: This is correct as it describes the process of forming polymers.
- Protonation of monomers: This is not a method for polymer formation.
- None of these: This is incorrect since we have identified a valid method.

4. **Example of a Condensation Reaction**:
- A classic example of a condensation reaction is the formation of nylon 6-6.
- The reactants are adipic acid (C6H10O4) and hexamethylene diamine (C6H16N2).
- The reaction can be summarized as:
- **Adipic Acid**: HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH
- **Hexamethylene Diamine**: H2N-(CH2)6-NH2
- When these two react, they form nylon 6-6 and release water (H2O) as a byproduct.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the correct answer to the question is that monomers are converted to polymers by **condensation reaction between monomers**.

### Final Answer:
Monomers are converted to polymers by **condensation reaction between monomers**.

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