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An atom differs from its ion in...

An atom differs from its ion in

A

Nuclear charge

B

Mass number

C

Number of electrons

D

Number of neutrons

Text Solution

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The correct Answer is:
To solve the question "An atom differs from its ion in," we need to analyze the differences between a neutral atom and its corresponding ion. Let's take sodium (Na) as an example to illustrate this. ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Understanding the Atom and Ion**: - A neutral atom has an equal number of protons and electrons. For sodium (Na), the atomic number is 11, meaning it has 11 protons and 11 electrons. - An ion is formed when an atom either loses or gains electrons. For example, when sodium loses one electron, it becomes a sodium ion (Na⁺). 2. **Electronic Configuration**: - The electronic configuration of a neutral sodium atom (Na) is: - 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹ - When sodium loses one electron to form Na⁺, its electronic configuration becomes: - 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3. **Comparison of Protons and Neutrons**: - The number of protons in sodium (Na) is 11, and the number of neutrons (in the most common isotope) is 12 (mass number = 23). - In the sodium ion (Na⁺), the number of protons remains 11 and the number of neutrons also remains 12. - Thus, the mass number (which is the sum of protons and neutrons) remains unchanged. 4. **Difference in Electrons**: - The neutral sodium atom has 11 electrons, while the sodium ion (Na⁺) has only 10 electrons. This is a significant difference as it affects the charge of the atom. 5. **Conclusion**: - Therefore, the differences between an atom and its ion are: - **Nuclear Charge**: The charge changes due to the loss or gain of electrons. - **Number of Electrons**: The number of electrons differs between the atom and its ion. - **Mass Number**: The mass number remains the same as the number of protons and neutrons does not change. ### Final Answer: An atom differs from its ion in: - **Nuclear Charge** (due to the difference in the number of electrons). - **Number of Electrons** (the atom has more electrons than its ion). - The **mass number** and **number of neutrons** remain the same.
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