The death of donor bacteria occur during
Conjugation
Transformation
Transduction
2 & 3

Options

A. Conjugation
B. Transformation
C. Transduction
D. 2 & 3

Answer

To solve the question regarding the death of donor bacteria during the processes of conjugation, transformation, and transduction, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Understand the Processes
- **Conjugation**: This is a process where living bacteria transfer genetic material (either chromosomal DNA or plasmid) directly to another living bacterium through a physical connection (pilus).
- **Transformation**: In this process, bacteria take up free DNA from their environment, which often comes from dead bacteria. The donor bacteria in this case are dead.
- **Transduction**: This involves the transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another via a bacteriophage (a virus that infects bacteria). The donor bacteria in this case are also dead.

### Step 2: Analyze the Options
- **Conjugation**: The donor bacteria are alive, so there is no death of donor bacteria.
- **Transformation**: The donor bacteria are dead, so there is death of donor bacteria.
- **Transduction**: The donor bacteria are also dead, so there is death of donor bacteria.
- **Option 2 & 3**: This option combines transformation and transduction, both of which involve dead donor bacteria.

### Step 3: Conclusion
Based on the analysis:
- The death of donor bacteria occurs during **transformation** and **transduction**. Therefore, the correct answer is **Option D: 2 & 3**.

### Final Answer
The death of donor bacteria occurs during **Transformation and Transduction** (Option D: 2 & 3).

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