Roots are modified to perform physiological function in

Options

A. Taeniophyllum
B. Rhizophora
C. Rafflesia
D. All the above

Answer

To answer the question "Roots are modified to perform physiological function in," we will analyze the options provided and understand the modifications of roots in different plant species.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Root Modifications**:
- Roots can be modified to perform various physiological functions. This includes adaptations for storage, respiration, and support.

2. **Analyzing the Options**:
- **Option A: Tinyophyllum**: This plant has modified roots known as ribbon roots. These roots are adapted for specific functions, but primarily they are leafless and may not perform significant physiological functions.
- **Option B: Rhizophora**: This genus includes tropical mangrove trees, which have specialized respiratory roots that grow vertically upward to facilitate gas exchange in waterlogged conditions. This is a clear example of roots modified for a physiological function.
- **Option C: Rhaplaceae**: This is a genus of parasitic flowering plants. The roots of these plants are modified to extract nutrients from their host plants, which is another example of modification for physiological function.
- **Option D: All of the Above**: This option suggests that all the previous examples (Tinyophyllum, Rhizophora, and Rhaplaceae) have roots modified for physiological functions.

3. **Conclusion**:
- Since Rhizophora and Rhaplaceae clearly demonstrate roots modified for physiological functions, and Tinyophyllum also has modifications, the correct answer is **Option D: All of the Above**.

### Final Answer:
Roots are modified to perform physiological function in **all of the above (Option D)**.