Arrange the following seral stages in correct sequence with regards to primarysuccession in water

Options

A. Phytoplanktons `to` Marsh meadow stage `to` Reed swamp Stage `to` Scrub stage `to` Forest
B. Reed swamp stage `to` Phytoplanktons `to` Marsh meadow stage `to` Forest `to` Scrub stage
C. Phytoplanktons `to` Marsh meadow stage `to` Forest `to` Scrub stage.
D. Phytoplanktons `to` Submerged plant stage `to` Free floating stage `to` Reed swamp stage `to` Marsh meadow stage `to` Scrub stage `to` Forest

Answer

To arrange the seral stages of primary succession in water correctly, we will follow the sequence of ecological changes that occur in aquatic environments. Here’s the step-by-step solution:

### Step 1: Understand Primary Succession
Primary succession refers to the process of ecological change that occurs in an area where no soil exists, such as a newly formed lake or pond. It begins with the colonization of pioneer species.

### Step 2: Identify the Pioneer Species
The first organisms to colonize the aquatic environment are **phytoplankton**. They are microscopic plants that float in the water and serve as the initial producers in this ecosystem.

### Step 3: Next Seral Stage
After phytoplankton, the next stage is the **submerged plant stage**. In this stage, rooted aquatic plants begin to establish themselves in the substrate.

### Step 4: Followed by Free-Floating Plants
The submerged plant stage is followed by the **submerged free-floating stage**, where plants that float on the water surface without rooting in the substrate become prominent.

### Step 5: Transition to Reed Swamp
The next stage is the **reed swamp stage**, characterized by the growth of reed plants in the shallow waters.

### Step 6: Move to Marsh Meadow
Following the reed swamp stage, we have the **marsh meadow stage**, where larger herbaceous plants and grasses start to grow, further stabilizing the ecosystem.

### Step 7: Scrub Stage
The next stage is the **scrub stage**, where shrubs and small trees begin to establish themselves, leading to a more complex plant community.

### Step 8: Climax Community
Finally, the last stage of primary succession is the **forest stage**, which represents the climax community where mature trees dominate the landscape.

### Final Sequence
Putting it all together, the correct sequence of seral stages in primary succession in water is:
1. Phytoplankton
2. Submerged plant stage
3. Submerged free-floating stage
4. Reed swamp stage
5. Marsh meadow stage
6. Scrub stage
7. Forest stage

### Answer
The correct sequence is:
**Phytoplankton → Submerged plant stage → Submerged free-floating stage → Reed swamp stage → Marsh meadow stage → Scrub stage → Forest stage**