Amembrane systems that lie freely in the cytoplasm includes

Options

A. Phosphate granules
B. Glycogen granules
C. Cyanophycean granules
D. All the above

Answer

To answer the question regarding which membrane systems lie freely in the cytoplasm, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Membrane Systems**:
- Membrane systems refer to structures within a cell that are enclosed by membranes. However, the question specifies "freely in the cytoplasm," indicating that we are looking for structures that are not surrounded by additional membranes.

2. **Identifying the Options**:
- The question mentions three specific structures: phosphate granules, glycogen granules, and cyanophycin granules. We need to evaluate whether these structures are membrane-bound or not.

3. **Analyzing Each Structure**:
- **Phosphate Granules**: These are storage forms of phosphate and do not have a membrane surrounding them. They are found freely in the cytoplasm.
- **Glycogen Granules**: Glycogen is a polysaccharide that serves as an energy reserve. Glycogen granules are also not enclosed by membranes and are present in the cytoplasm.
- **Cyanophycin Granules**: These are nitrogen storage compounds found in certain bacteria, particularly cyanobacteria. Like the other two, they are not surrounded by membranes and exist freely in the cytoplasm.

4. **Conclusion**:
- Since all three structures (phosphate granules, glycogen granules, and cyanophycin granules) lie freely in the cytoplasm and do not have additional membranous coverings, the correct answer would be that all of these options are membrane systems that lie freely in the cytoplasm.

### Final Answer:
All of the above (phosphate granules, glycogen granules, and cyanophycin granules) lie freely in the cytoplasm.

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