ADA deficiency can be cured by

Options

A. Bone marrow transplantation
B. Enzyme replacement therapy
C. Kidney transplantation
D. Both (1) and (2)

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding ADA Deficiency**:
- ADA stands for adenosine deaminase, which is an enzyme crucial for the immune system.
- ADA deficiency is an inherited condition that leads to a weakened immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections.

2. **Identifying Treatment Options**:
- There are several treatment options available for ADA deficiency:
- **Gene Therapy**: This is a technique that modifies a person's genes to treat or cure disease. In the case of ADA deficiency, gene therapy aims to introduce a normal copy of the ADA gene to restore enzyme function.
- **Bone Marrow Transplantation**: This is a procedure that replaces damaged or diseased bone marrow with healthy bone marrow. It is particularly effective in children with ADA deficiency.
- **Enzyme Replacement Therapy**: This involves providing the missing enzyme (adenosine deaminase) to the patient, which can help manage the condition.

3. **Conclusion**:
- The treatments for ADA deficiency include gene therapy, bone marrow transplantation (especially in children), and enzyme replacement therapy (for other patients).
- Therefore, the correct answer to the question is that ADA deficiency can be cured by both gene therapy and bone marrow transplantation, making the answer option D (both 1 and 2).