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O.T. Avery, Mac Leod and Mc Carty identi...

O.T. Avery, Mac Leod and Mc Carty identified this as the genetic material / active factor / trans-formation principle

A

DNA

B

RNA

C

Polysaccharide

D

Proteins

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**Step-by-Step Solution:** 1. **Understanding the Question:** The question asks about the identification of the genetic material or transformation principle by O.T. Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty. 2. **Background Knowledge:** Prior to their experiments, Frederick Griffith had conducted research on the transformation of bacteria, which suggested that some "transforming principle" could transfer genetic information. 3. **Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty's Experiment:** - They isolated cell extracts from virulent (disease-causing) strains of bacteria. - They treated these extracts with enzymes: DNase (which degrades DNA) and protease (which degrades proteins). 4. **Mixing with Non-Virulent Strains:** - The treated extracts were mixed with non-virulent (non-disease-causing) strains of bacteria. - They observed the effects of these treatments on the virulence of the non-virulent strains. 5. **Observations:** - When the cell extract treated with protease (which leaves DNA intact) was mixed with non-virulent strains, the non-virulent bacteria became virulent. - Conversely, when the cell extract treated with DNase (which degrades DNA) was mixed with non-virulent strains, the non-virulent bacteria did not become virulent. 6. **Conclusion:** - The results indicated that DNA was responsible for the transformation of non-virulent bacteria into virulent ones. - Therefore, O.T. Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty concluded that DNA is the genetic material, also referred to as the active factor or transformation principle. 7. **Final Answer:** The genetic material identified by O.T. Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty is **DNA**. ---
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