In the propagation of electromagnetic waves the angle between the direction of propagation and plane of polarization is

Options

A. zero
B. `45^(@)`
C. `90^(@)`
D. `180^(@)`

Answer

To solve the question regarding the angle between the direction of propagation of electromagnetic waves and the plane of polarization, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Electromagnetic Waves**:
Electromagnetic (EM) waves consist of oscillating electric (E) and magnetic (B) fields that are perpendicular to each other and to the direction of propagation.

2. **Direction of Propagation**:
The direction of propagation of an electromagnetic wave is the direction in which the wave travels. For instance, if the wave is moving in the x-direction, we can denote this direction as the positive x-axis.

3. **Plane of Polarization**:
The plane of polarization is defined as the plane that contains the electric field vector (E) and the direction of propagation. Since the electric field oscillates in a specific direction, this plane is crucial in determining the polarization of the wave.

4. **Angle Between Direction of Propagation and Plane of Polarization**:
The angle between the direction of propagation (which is along the x-axis in our example) and the plane of polarization (which contains the electric field vector) is essentially the angle between the electric field vector and the direction of propagation.

5. **Conclusion**:
Since the electric field oscillates perpendicular to the direction of propagation, the angle between the direction of propagation and the plane of polarization is 0 degrees. This means that the electric field is in the plane of polarization, which is perpendicular to the direction of propagation.

### Final Answer:
The angle between the direction of propagation and the plane of polarization is **0 degrees**.

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