In the case of light waves the angle between plane of vibration and plane of polarization is

Options

A. `180^(@)`
B. `90^(@)`
C. `45^(@)`
D. zero

Answer

To solve the question regarding the angle between the plane of vibration and the plane of polarization for light waves, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Understand the Concept of Light Waves
Light waves are electromagnetic waves that consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. These fields vibrate in planes that are perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.

**Hint:** Remember that electromagnetic waves consist of both electric and magnetic fields oscillating perpendicular to each other and to the direction of propagation.

### Step 2: Define the Planes
- **Plane of Vibration:** This refers to the plane in which the electric field oscillates. For light waves, this can be in any direction before passing through a polarizer.
- **Plane of Polarization:** This is the specific direction that the electric field oscillates after passing through a polarizer.

**Hint:** Visualize the planes in three dimensions to understand how they relate to each other.

### Step 3: Analyze the Effect of a Polarizer
Before passing through a polarizer, the electric field of light waves vibrates in all directions. After passing through a polarizer, the vibrations are restricted to one particular direction, which defines the plane of polarization.

**Hint:** Consider how a polarizer filters light and restricts its vibrations to a single plane.

### Step 4: Determine the Relationship Between the Planes
The key point is that the plane of polarization is always perpendicular to the plane of vibration. This means that if you have the plane of vibration defined, the plane of polarization will be at a 90-degree angle to it.

**Hint:** Recall that perpendicular lines or planes form a right angle (90 degrees).

### Step 5: Conclude the Angle
Since the plane of polarization is perpendicular to the plane of vibration, the angle between them is 90 degrees.

**Final Answer:** The angle between the plane of vibration and the plane of polarization is 90 degrees.

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