When target potential in the X-ray tube is increased

Options

A. frequency of X-rays increases
B. intensity of X-rays remain same
C. penetrating power of X-rays increases
D. All the above

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Effect of Increasing Target Potential:**
- When the target potential (V) in an X-ray tube is increased, it means that the voltage applied to accelerate the electrons towards the target is higher. This increase in voltage leads to an increase in the kinetic energy of the electrons.

2. **Relating Potential Energy to Charge and Voltage:**
- The potential energy (E) of the electrons can be expressed as:
\[ E = Q \times V \]
- Here, \(Q\) is the charge of the electron and \(V\) is the target potential. As \(V\) increases, the energy \(E\) also increases.

3. **Wavelength and Energy Relationship:**
- The wavelength (\(\lambda\)) of the emitted X-rays is inversely proportional to the square root of the energy:
\[ \lambda \propto \frac{1}{\sqrt{E}} \]
- Since energy \(E\) increases with increasing \(V\), it follows that the wavelength \(\lambda\) will decrease.

4. **Frequency and Wavelength Relationship:**
- The frequency (\(f\)) of the X-rays is also related to the wavelength:
\[ f \propto \frac{1}{\lambda} \]
- As the wavelength decreases (due to increased energy), the frequency increases.

5. **Penetrating Power of X-rays:**
- Higher frequency X-rays have greater penetrating power. Therefore, as the frequency increases with the increase in target potential, the penetrating ability of the X-rays also increases.

6. **Effect on Intensity:**
- It is important to note that while the frequency and penetrating power increase, the intensity of the X-rays does not necessarily change with the increase in target potential.

### Conclusion:
- In summary, when the target potential in an X-ray tube is increased:
- The energy of the electrons increases.
- The wavelength of the emitted X-rays decreases.
- The frequency of the X-rays increases.
- The penetrating power of the X-rays increases.
- The intensity remains unchanged.