To solve the problem regarding the sound wave propagation in a medium with a given bulk modulus, we need to analyze the properties of sound waves, particularly focusing on pressure variations during compressions and rarefactions.
### Step-by-Step Solution:
1. **Understanding Pressure at Compression and Rarefaction**:
- In a sound wave, compressions occur where the pressure is higher than the average atmospheric pressure, while rarefactions occur where the pressure is lower.
- Therefore, we can conclude that at points of compression (denoted as \( P_c \)), the pressure is maximum, and at points of rarefaction (denoted as \( P_r \)), the pressure is minimum.
**Hint**: Remember that compressions correspond to areas of high pressure, while rarefactions correspond to areas of low pressure.
2. **Identifying the Correct Options**:
- From our understanding, the first option states that \( P_c \) is maximum and \( P_r \) is minimum. This is correct.
- The second option states that \( P_c \) is minimum and \( P_r \) is maximum, which is incorrect.
**Hint**: Compare the definitions of compressions and rarefactions to determine the correct relationship between \( P_c \) and \( P_r \).
3. **Pressure Amplitude Expression**:
- The pressure amplitude in a sound wave can be expressed as \( \Delta P = B \cdot a \cdot k \), where \( B \) is the bulk modulus, \( a \) is the wave amplitude, and \( k \) is the angular wave number.
- Thus, the third option stating that the pressure amplitude is \( B \cdot a \cdot k \) is correct.
**Hint**: Recall the relationship between pressure amplitude and the properties of the wave, including the bulk modulus and wave amplitude.
4. **Phase Relationship Between Pressure and Displacement Waves**:
- The displacement wave can be represented as \( y = a \sin(\omega t - kx) \).
- The pressure wave, due to the nature of sound waves, leads the displacement wave by a phase angle of \( \frac{\pi}{2} \).
- Therefore, the pressure wave can be expressed as \( P = P_c - P_r \) and leads the displacement wave by \( \frac{\pi}{2} \).
**Hint**: Consider the phase difference in wave mechanics, especially how pressure and displacement waves relate in terms of their sinusoidal representations.
5. **Conclusion**:
- Based on the analysis, the correct options are:
- Option 1: \( P_c \) is maximum and \( P_r \) is minimum.
- Option 3: Pressure amplitude is \( B \cdot a \cdot k \).
- Option 4: The pressure wave leads the displacement wave by \( \frac{\pi}{2} \).
- The incorrect option is Option 2.
### Final Answer:
- Correct Options: 1, 3, and 4.
- Incorrect Option: 2.