If an astronaut comes out of the artificial satellite, then

Options

A. He flies off tangentially
B. He falls to the earth
C. He performs SHM
D. He continues to move along the satellite in the same orbit.

Answer

To solve the question of what happens when an astronaut comes out of an artificial satellite, we can analyze the situation step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Situation**:
- An artificial satellite is in orbit around the Earth due to the balance between gravitational force and the centrifugal force acting on it. The satellite moves with a certain velocity (V) in a circular path.

2. **Forces Acting on the Satellite**:
- The gravitational force acting on the satellite can be expressed as:
\[ F_g = \frac{G \cdot M \cdot m}{r^2} \]
where \( G \) is the gravitational constant, \( M \) is the mass of the Earth, \( m \) is the mass of the satellite, and \( r \) is the distance from the center of the Earth to the satellite.

- The centrifugal force acting on the satellite due to its circular motion is given by:
\[ F_c = \frac{m \cdot V^2}{r} \]

3. **Equilibrium of Forces**:
- For the satellite to remain in orbit, these two forces must be equal:
\[ F_g = F_c \]
- This means:
\[ \frac{G \cdot M \cdot m}{r^2} = \frac{m \cdot V^2}{r} \]
- Here, we can see that the mass of the satellite (m) cancels out, indicating that the orbital motion is independent of the mass of the satellite.

4. **What Happens When the Astronaut Exits**:
- When the astronaut exits the satellite, they are initially moving with the same velocity (V) as the satellite. They are no longer being acted upon by the satellite's structure, but they still retain the tangential velocity they had while inside the satellite.

5. **Path of the Astronaut**:
- Since the astronaut has the same tangential velocity as the satellite at the moment of exit, they will continue to move in the same direction and at the same speed. This means they will follow a path that is tangential to the satellite's orbit.

6. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the correct answer to the question is that the astronaut continues to move along the satellite's orbit in the same direction. This corresponds to option 4: "he continues to move along the satellite in the same orbit."