Unpolarized light of intensity `I_0` is incident on a polarizer and the emerging light strikes a second polarizing filter with its axis 45° to that of the first. Determine the intensity of the emerging beam

Explanation

To solve the problem step by step, we will use the principles of polarization and the relevant equations.

### Step 1: Understand the Initial Conditions
We start with unpolarized light of intensity \( I_0 \). When unpolarized light passes through a polarizer, the intensity of the transmitted light is reduced to half.

**Hint:** Remember that unpolarized light has no preferred direction of polarization, and a polarizer only allows light aligned with its axis to pass through.

### Step 2: Calculate the Intensity After the First Polarizer
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