10% Law is given by

Options

A. Lindeman
B. Goldmann
C. Beckmann
D. None of these

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the 10% Law**: The 10% Law, also known as Lindemann's 10% Law, explains the efficiency of energy transfer between different trophic levels in an ecosystem. It states that when energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next, only 10% of the energy is passed on.

2. **Identifying the Origin**: The 10% Law was proposed by a scientist named Lindemann. He studied energy transfer in ecosystems and formulated this law based on his observations.

3. **Energy Transfer Example**: To illustrate the 10% Law, consider a scenario where a green plant (producer) captures 5000 calories of energy through photosynthesis. When herbivores (primary consumers) eat these plants, they only receive 10% of that energy. Therefore, the energy transferred to the herbivores would be:
\[ \text{Energy received by herbivores} = 10\% \times 5000 \text{ calories} = 500 \text{ calories} \]

4. **Further Energy Transfer**: If the herbivores are then consumed by carnivores (secondary consumers), they will again receive only 10% of the energy from the herbivores. Thus, if the herbivores had 500 calories, the energy transferred to the carnivores would be:
\[ \text{Energy received by carnivores} = 10\% \times 500 \text{ calories} = 50 \text{ calories} \]

5. **Conclusion**: The 10% Law highlights that as energy moves up the food chain, there is a significant loss of energy at each trophic level, primarily due to metabolic processes, heat loss, and other factors. Thus, the correct answer to the question "10% Law is given by" is Lindemann.