What is substitution reaction? Explain any two substitution reactions of benzene.

Explanation

Substitution reaction : Reactions in which an atom or group present in a compound is replaced by another atom or group are known as .substitution reactions..
Substitution reactions of Benzene :
a) Benzene reacts with bromine or chlorine in presence of AlCl, to give the corresponding halo benzene.
`C_6H_6+Cl_2 overset(AlCl_3)(rarr)underset("Chlorobenzene")(C_6H_5Cl)+HCl`
b) Benzene on heating with nitration mixture below 60°C gives nitrobenzene.
`C_6H_5+HONO_2 overset( lt 60^@C)(rarr)underset("Nitrobenzene")(C_6H_5NO_2)+H_2O`