Draw a labelled diagram of an electric motor. Explain its principle and working. What is the function of a split-ring in an electric motor?

Explanation

An electric motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

Principle : A current carrying conductor, when placed in a magnetic field, experiences a force . If the direction of the field and that of the current are mutually perpendicular then force acting on the conductor will be perpendicular to both and will be given by Fleming.s left-hand rule. Due to this force the conductor begins to move.
Working : Obeying Fleming.s left hand rule, when current passes from A to B , the arm AB of coil moves down. On the contrary, when current passes from C to D , the arm CD moves up. When the coil makes half a turn, P of split ring touches brush Y and its opposite happens with Q of split ring. As a result, the direction of current gets reversed. This means current now flows from D to C and from B to A.
This pushes CD down and AB up. As a result , the coil turns continuously.
Function of split ring : The split ring commutator is used to reverse the direction of the current in the coil.