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Vladimir Markovnikov rule : Alkenes unde...

Vladimir Markovnikov rule : Alkenes undergo electrophilic addition reactions. It is triggered by the acid acting as a electrophile toward t-electrons of the double bond. Markovnikov's rule states that when an unsymmetrically substituted alkene reacts with a hydrogen halide, the hydrogen atom adds to the carbon that has the greater number of hydrogen, e.g.,

In which of the following reactions, product is racemic mixture ?

A

`CH_3 - CH_2-CH=CH_2 underset( C Cl_4)overset(HBr)to`

B

C

D

All of these

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The correct Answer is:
D
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The products of bond breaking, shown below, are not stable, and cannot be isolated for prolonged study. Such species are referred to as reactive intermediate, and are belived to be transient intermediates in many reactions. The general structures and names of four such intermediates are, Charged Intermediates Uncharged Intermediates Carbocations (called carbonium ions in the older literature) are electrophiles and carbananions are nucleophiles. Carbenes have only a valence shell sextet of electrons and are therefore electron deficient. In this sense they are elecrophiles, but the non-bonding electron pair also gives carbenes nucleophilic character. As a rule, the electrophilic character dominates carbene reactivity. Carbon radicals have only seven valence electrons, and may be considered electron deficient, however, they do not in general bond to nucleophilic electron pair, so their chemistry exhibits differences from that of conventional electrophiles. Radical intermediates are often called free radicals. Intermediates are in general stabilised with conjugation, electron donating and electron with drawing groups. Which of the following carbo cations is more stable?

Markovnikov addition takes place with unsymmetrical alkenes. The positive part of the reagent gets connected to the double bonded carbon with more number of hydrogens. In presence of peroxide and in special cases addition takes place against Markovnikov rule. In which of the following compound addition takes place against Markovnikov rule

Hydroboration is a reaction in which the boron hydride acts as an electrophile, R_2BH adds to a carbon - carbon double which acts as a nucleophile Organoborane compound The organoborane compound then is oxidised by treatment with hydrogen peroxide in aqueous sodium hydroxide to from alcohol. The OH group enters the carbon atom from the same side where the boron atom was present. Hence this reaction is highly regioselective and the boron atom attacheto that carbon atom which is less sterically hindred. Hydroboration oxidation and acid hydration will not give the same products in case of

Hydroboration is a reaction in which the boron hydride acts as an electrophile, R_2BH adds to a carbon - carbon double which acts as a nucleophile Organoborane compound The organoborane compound then is oxidised by treatment with hydrogen peroxide in aqueous sodium hydroxide to from alcohol. The OH group enters the carbon atom from the same side where the boron atom was present. Hence this reaction is highly regioselective and the boron atom attacheto that carbon atom which is less sterically hindred. Hydroboration oxidation and acid hydration will not give the same products in case of

Hydroboration is a reaction in which the boron hydride acts as an electrophile, R_2BH adds to a carbon - carbon double which acts as a nucleophile Organoborane compound The organoborane compound then is oxidised by treatment with hydrogen peroxide in aqueous sodium hydroxide to from alcohol. The OH group enters the carbon atom from the same side where the boron atom was present. Hence this reaction is highly regioselective and the boron atom attacheto that carbon atom which is less sterically hindred.

Hydroboration is a reaction in which the boron hydride acts as an electrophile, R_2BH adds to a carbon - carbon double which acts as a nucleophile Organoborane compound The organoborane compound then is oxidised by treatment with hydrogen peroxide in aqueous sodium hydroxide to from alcohol. The OH group enters the carbon atom from the same side where the boron atom was present. Hence this reaction is highly regioselective and the boron atom attacheto that carbon atom which is less sterically hindred.

The products of bond breaking, shown below, are not stable, and cannot be isolated for prolonged study. Such species are referred to as reactive intermediate, and are belived to be transient intermediates in many reactions. The general structures and names of four such intermediates are, Charged Intermediates Uncharged Intermediates Carbocations (called carbonium ions in the older literature) are electrophiles and carbananions are nucleophiles. Carbenes have only a valence shell sextet of electrons and are therefore electron deficient. In this sense they are elecrophiles, but the non-bonding electron pair also gives carbenes nucleophilic character. As a rule, the electrophilic character dominates carbene reactivity. Carbon radicals have only seven valence electrons, and may be considered electron deficient, however, they do not in general bond to nucleophilic electron pair, so their chemistry exhibits differences from that of conventional electrophiles. Radical intermediates are often called free radicals. Intermediates are in general stabilised with conjugation, electron donating and electron with drawing groups. Which of the following is relatively an unstable intermediate compared to rest ?

Carbonyl compounds give different oxidation products with different reagents .Several oxidising agents can be used to oxidise carbonyy compounds .Ammonical silver nitate (tollens reagent ) oxidises aliphatic as well as aromatic aldehydes . R-CHO overset("Tollens reagents ") to R-COOh +Ag (silver mirror ) strong oxidatising agents like KMnO_4 //H^+ ,HNO_3 ,K_2 Cr_2 O_7 //H^+ oxidise Aldehydes as well as ketons . open chain ketons in oxidation give mixture of two carbonylic acids . oxidation as well as ketons of unsymmetrical ketons takes place according to popoff's rule .According to this rule alpha - carbon whose bond breaks in oxidation always belongs to the alkyl group which has more number of carbons which of the following is most reactive towards oxidation ?

Markovnikov addition takes place with unsymmetrical alkenes. The positive part of the reagent gets connected to the double bonded carbon with more number of hydrogens. In presence of peroxide and in special cases addition takes place against Markovnikov rule. 1-methyl cyclohenene on hydroboroation it will give

Electrophilic substitutions are characteristic reaction of aromatic compounds. In this reaction hydrogen of the aromatic ring is replaced by an electophile because hydrogen in the form of HR is very good leaving group. -COOH and -SO_3H are also good leaving groups when they are present either at ortho or at para to the highly activating groups like -NH_2 and -OH. Which one of the following compounds will be most unreactive towards electrophilic substitution reaction?

MS CHOUHAN-HYDROCARBONS (ALKENES)-LEVEL-2
  1. In each reaction box write a single letter designating the best reagen...

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  2. Match the reagents a-j with products A-J. There is one best product fo...

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  3. Match the column :

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  4. Match the column I with column II and with column III (Matrix).

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  5. Match the column I and II.

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  6. Sum of molecular mass of A, B, C, D (i.e. A+B + C + D) is equal to :

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  7. underset("(all isomers) ")(C2FClBrl) underset(Ni) overset(H2)to (A)(ex...

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  8. Match the following columns

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  9. Vladimir Markovnikov rule : Alkenes undergo electrophilic addition rea...

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  10. Vladimir Markovnikov rule : Alkenes undergo electrophilic addition rea...

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  11. Vladimir Markovnikov rule : Alkenes undergo electrophilic addition rea...

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  12. Vladimir Markovnikov rule : Alkenes undergo electrophilic addition rea...

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  13. Vladimir Markovnikov rule : Alkenes undergo electrophilic addition rea...

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  14. Vladimir Markovnikov rule : Alkenes undergo electrophilic addition rea...

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  15. CH3 - CH2-CH=CH2+CH2 OH overset(H^(o+))to CH3-CH2- underset(OCH3) un...

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  16. CH3 - CH2-CH=CH2+CH2 OH overset(H^(o+))to CH3-CH2- underset(OCH3) un...

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  17. CH3 - CH2-CH=CH2+CH2 OH overset(H^(o+))to CH3-CH2- underset(OCH3) un...

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  18. CH3 - CH2-CH=CH2+CH2 OH overset(H^(o+))to CH3-CH2- underset(OCH3) un...

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  19. CH3 - CH2-CH=CH2+CH2 OH overset(H^(o+))to CH3-CH2- underset(OCH3) un...

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  20. Match the column I and II :

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