How does an anticodon on a tRNA molecule help?

Options

A. It signals the stop of translation.
B. It helps to initiate a `5' - gt 3'` translation.
C. It ensures accurate reading of the code on the mRNA.
D. It enables translation in the opposite polarity to the mRNA.

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding tRNA Structure**:
- tRNA (transfer RNA) molecules have a characteristic cloverleaf structure. This structure is crucial for their function in protein synthesis.

2. **Role of Anticodon**:
- At one end of the tRNA molecule, there is a specific sequence of three nucleotides known as the anticodon. This anticodon is complementary to a corresponding three-nucleotide sequence on the mRNA called the codon.

3. **Codon-Anticodon Pairing**:
- During translation, the anticodon on the tRNA pairs with the codon on the mRNA. This pairing ensures that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain.

4. **Example of Codon-Anticodon Interaction**:
- For instance, if the mRNA has a codon sequence of AUG, the tRNA with the anticodon UAC will bind to it. AUG codes for the amino acid methionine, which is the first amino acid in many protein sequences.

5. **Ensuring Accurate Translation**:
- The primary function of the anticodon is to ensure the accurate reading of the mRNA codons. This accuracy is vital for the correct synthesis of proteins, as any mistake could lead to the production of nonfunctional or harmful proteins.

6. **Conclusion**:
- In summary, the anticodon on a tRNA molecule helps in the translation process by ensuring that the correct amino acids are incorporated into the polypeptide chain, thus facilitating accurate protein synthesis.