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When light from the Sun enters the Earth...

When light from the Sun enters the Earth's atmosphere it gets refracted. This will cause an apparent image of the Sun to appear in the sky due to refraction. The image below shows how light gets bent by the Earth's atmosphere

Which of the following would be an effect of this?

A

The sky appears to be blue in colour.

B

It is much cooler early in the morning and late in the evening.

C

At sunrise, the Sun is seen in the sky even though it is still below the horizon.

D

The length of daylight increases during summer and decreases during winter time.

Text Solution

Verified by Experts

The correct Answer is:
C
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Which of the following is not caused by the atmospheric refraction of light ?

When the sun is either rising or setting and appears to be just in the horizon, it is in fact below the horizon. The explanation for this seeming paradox is that light from the sun bends slightly when entering the earth's atmosphere as shown in figure. Assume that the atmosphere has uniform density and hence uniform index of refraction n and extends to a height h above the earth's surface, at which point is abruptly stop. The angle delta above the Sun's true position is given by

When the sun appears to be just on horizon, it is in fact below the horizon. This is because the light from the sun bends when it enters the earth’s atmosphere. Let us assume that atmosphere is uniform and has index of refraction equal to mu . It extends upto a height h (lt lt R = radius of earth) above the earth’s surface. In absence of atmosphere how late would we see the sunrise compared to what we see now? Take time period of rotation of earth to be T. Calculate this time for following data R = 6400km, mu = 1.0003, h = 20 km, T = 24hr .

Negative Refractive Index: One of the most fundamental phenomena in optics is refraction. When a beam of light crosses the interface between two different materials, its path is altered depending on the difference in the refractive indices of the materials. The greater the difference, the greater the refraction of the beam. For all known naturally occurring materials the refractive index assumes only positive values. But does this have to be the case? In 1967, Soviet physicist Victor Veselago hypothesized that a material with a negative refractive index could exist without violating any of the laws of physics. Veselago predicted that this remarkable material would exhibit a wide variety of new optical phenomena. However, until recently no one had found such a material and Veselago's ideas had remained untested. Recently, meta-material samples are being tested for negative refractive index. But the experiments show significant losses and this could be an intrinsic property of negative index materials. Snell's law is satisfied for the material having a negative refractive index, but the direction of the refracted light ray is 'mirror-imaged about the normal to the surface. There will be an interesting difference in image formation if a vessel is filled with "negative water" having refractive index - 1.33 instead of regular water having refractive index 1.33. Say, there is a fish in a vessel filled with negative water. The position of the fish is such that the observer cannot see it due to normal refraction since the refracted ray does not reach to his eye. But due to negative refraction, he will be able to see it since the refracted ray now reaches his eye. Which of the following is the intrinsic property of negative-index materials?

We know that light refracts (or bends) when it goes from one medium to another. Now, the atmosphere contains only air. Then how does light get refracted on passing through only air in the atmosphere ?

Assertion : Just before setting, the sun may appear to be elliptical. This happens due to refraction. Reason : Refraction of light ray through the atmosphere may cause different magnification in mutually perpendicular directions.

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