Lucas test is used for distinction of :

Options

A. Alcohols
B. Phenols
C. Alkyl halides
D. Aldehydes

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Lucas Test**: The Lucas test is a qualitative test used in organic chemistry to distinguish between different types of alcohols. It utilizes a reagent known as Lucas reagent, which is a mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) and anhydrous zinc chloride (ZnCl2).

2. **Types of Alcohols**: Alcohols can be classified into three categories based on the number of alkyl groups attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxyl (-OH) group:
- Primary alcohols (1°): One alkyl group attached to the carbon with the -OH group.
- Secondary alcohols (2°): Two alkyl groups attached to the carbon with the -OH group.
- Tertiary alcohols (3°): Three alkyl groups attached to the carbon with the -OH group.

3. **Reaction with Lucas Reagent**:
- **Tertiary Alcohols**: When a tertiary alcohol (e.g., tert-butanol, CH3C(OH)(CH3)2) is treated with Lucas reagent, it reacts very quickly, resulting in immediate turbidity due to the formation of an alkyl chloride.
- **Secondary Alcohols**: When a secondary alcohol (e.g., isopropanol, CH3CHOHCH3) is treated with Lucas reagent, it reacts but at a slower rate, typically showing turbidity within 5 to 10 minutes.
- **Primary Alcohols**: When a primary alcohol (e.g., ethanol, CH3CH2OH) is treated with Lucas reagent, there is no significant reaction, and thus no turbidity is observed.

4. **Conclusion**: The Lucas test is specifically used to distinguish between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols based on the rate of reaction and the formation of turbidity.

### Final Answer:
The Lucas test is used for the distinction of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.

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