Why a person sitting inside a vehicle is thrown outwards, when vechile rounds a curve suddenly?

A person sitting in a moving train throws a ball vertically upwards. How does the ball appear to move to an observer inside the train

Why does the horse rider fall forward when a running horse suddenly stops ?

Explain why:- passengers are thrown forward from their seats when a speeding bus stops suddenly.

Which of the following examples represent (nearly) simple harmonic motion and which represent periodic but not simple harmonic motion? motion of a ball bearing inside a smooth curved bowl, when released from a point slightly above the lower most point