A bonding molecular orbitalis produced by:- 1. Destructive interference of wave functions 2. Constructive interference of wave functions 3. Pairing of electrons with opposite spin 4. combination of +Ve and -ve functions

According to MOT (Molecular Orbital Theory), the molecular orbitals are formed by mixing of atomic orbitals through LCAO (linear combination of atomic orbitals). The correct statement(s) about molecular orbitals is/are Statement (A) : Bonding molecular orbitals are formed by addition of wave-functions of atomic orbitals of same phase Statement (B) : Anti-bonding molecular orbitals are formed by subtraction of wave-functions of atomic orbitals of same phase Statement (C) : Non-bonding molecular orbitals do not take part in bond formation because they belong to inner shells Statement (D) : Anti-bonding molecular orbitals provide stability to molecules while bonding molecular orbitals make the molecules unstable.

Two waves of intensities I and 4I produce interference. Then the intensity at constructive and destructive interference respectively is –

An orbital is described with the help of a wave function. Since many wave functions are possible for an electron, there are many atomic orbitals. When atom is placed in a magnetic field the possible number of orientations for an orbital of azimuthal quantum number 3 is

When a light wave passes from a rarer medium to a denser medium, there will be a phase change of pi radians. This difference brings change in the conditions for constructive and destructive interference. This phenomena also reasons the fromation of interference pattern in thin films like, oily layer, soap film, etc., but has no reason on the shifting of fringes from the central portion outward. The shift is dependent on the refractive index of the material as per the relation, Delta y = (mu - 1) t The condition for constructive interference in Lloyd's single mirror experiment is the path difference which is equal to

Assertion: Amplitude modulation shows more interference than frequency modulation with noise. Reason: Interference is function of amplitude of modulation wave with carrier wave.

When a light wave passes from a rarer medium to a denser medium, there will be a phase change of pi radians. This difference brings change in the conditions for constructive and destructive interference. This phenomena also reasons the fromation of interference pattern in thin films like, oily layer, soap film, etc., but has no reason on the shifting of fringes from the central portion outward. The shift is dependent on the refractive index of the material as per the relation, Delta y = (mu - 1) t Thin film interference happens with

Thin films, including soap bubbles and oil slicks, show patterns of alternating dark and bright regions resulting from interference among the reflected light waves. If two waves are in phase their crest and troughs will coincide. The interference will be constructive and the aplitude of the resultant wave will be greater than the amplitude of either constituent wave. if the two waves are out of phase, the crests of one wave will coincide with the troughs of the other wave. The interference will be destructive and the amplitude of the resultant wave will be less than that of either constituent wave. at the interface between two transparent media some light is reflected and some light is refracted. * When incident light, reaches the surface at point a, some of the light is reflected as ray R_(a) and and some is refracted following the path ab to the back of the film. *At point b some of the light is refracted out of the film and part is reflected back refracted out of the fiml as ray R_(c) . R_(a) and R_(c) are parallel. However, R_(c) has travelled the extra distance within the film of abc. if the angle of incidence is small then abc is approximately twice the film's thickness. if R_(a) and R_(c) are in phase they will undergo constructive interference and the region ac will be bright if R_(a) and R_(c) are out of phase, they will undergo destructive interference. * Refraction at an interface never changes the phase of the wave. * For reflection at the interface between two media 1 and 2, if n_(1)ltn_(2) the reflected wave will change phase by pi . if n_(1)gtn_(2) the reflected wave will not undergo a phase change. for reference n_(air)=1.00 * if the waves are in phase after refection at all interfaces, then the effects of path length in the film are Constructive interference occur when (n= refractive index) 2t=mlamda//n" "m=0,1,2,3... .. Destructive interference occurs when 2t=(m+1//2)lamda//n" "m=0,1,2,3... Q. The average human eye sees colors with wavelengths between 430 nm to 680 nm. For what visible wavelength will a 350 nm thick n=1.35 soap film produce maximum destructive interference?