What does the failure of cell division after DNA replication result in?

Options

A. polyploidy
B. aneuploidy
C. apoptosis
D. migration of cells

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding DNA Replication**:
- DNA replication is the process by which a cell duplicates its DNA, resulting in two identical copies of chromosomes. Each chromosome is made up of two sister chromatids after replication.

2. **Consequences of Failure in Cell Division**:
- If cell division does not occur after DNA replication, the cell will not divide properly, leading to several possible outcomes.

3. **Polyploidy**:
- One of the outcomes of failed cell division is polyploidy. This occurs when a cell ends up with more than two complete sets of chromosomes (e.g., triploid, tetraploid). This is particularly common in plants and can lead to larger cell sizes and increased genetic variation.

4. **Aneuploidy**:
- Another consequence is aneuploidy, which refers to the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell. This can happen when one or more chromosomes are missing or extra, leading to genetic disorders. For example, Down syndrome is a result of an extra copy of chromosome 21.

5. **Apoptosis**:
- If the cell detects that it cannot divide properly, it may undergo apoptosis, which is programmed cell death. This is a protective mechanism to prevent the propagation of cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.

6. **Cancer Cell Migration**:
- In some cases, failure of proper cell division can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and migration, which is characteristic of cancer. Cancer cells may divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues, leading to metastasis.

### Summary:
The failure of cell division after DNA replication can result in:
- Polyploidy (more than two sets of chromosomes)
- Aneuploidy (abnormal number of chromosomes)
- Apoptosis (programmed cell death)
- Cancer cell migration (uncontrolled growth and spread of cells)