Which of the following is/are example of aneuploidy?

Options

A. Turner’s syndrome
B. Down’s syndrome
C. Klinefelter’s syndrome
D. All of these

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Aneuploidy**:
- Aneuploidy refers to a condition where there is an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell. This can occur through the loss or gain of one or more chromosomes, leading to a total number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid number.

2. **Identifying Examples of Aneuploidy**:
- We will analyze each of the conditions mentioned in the question to determine if they are examples of aneuploidy.

3. **Turner Syndrome**:
- Turner syndrome is characterized by the presence of a single X chromosome (45,X). This means that one sex chromosome is missing, which qualifies as aneuploidy since there is a loss of a chromosome.

4. **Down Syndrome**:
- Down syndrome is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 (47,XX,+21 or 47,XY,+21). This means there is an extra copy of chromosome 21, which is another form of aneuploidy due to the gain of a chromosome.

5. **Klinefelter Syndrome**:
- Klinefelter syndrome typically involves the presence of an extra X chromosome in males (47,XXY). This condition also represents aneuploidy because there is an additional chromosome present.

6. **Conclusion**:
- All three conditions mentioned (Turner syndrome, Down syndrome, and Klinefelter syndrome) are examples of aneuploidy. Therefore, the correct answer is that all of these are examples of aneuploidy.

**Final Answer**: All of these are examples of aneuploidy.

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