How the genetic defect adenosine deficiency may be curbed premane introducing bone marrow cells producing DNA into cells it

Options

A. early embryonic stages
B. late embryonic stages
C. any stage
D. none of these

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) Deficiency**:
- ADA deficiency is a genetic disorder that affects the immune system. It is caused by mutations in the ADA gene, leading to the accumulation of toxic metabolites, which ultimately results in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID).
- Individuals with ADA deficiency have a weakened immune system, making them susceptible to infections.

2. **Role of Bone Marrow Cells**:
- Bone marrow is responsible for producing blood cells, including white blood cells (WBCs), which are crucial for a functioning immune system.
- Introducing healthy bone marrow cells that can produce the ADA enzyme can help restore the immune function in affected individuals.

3. **Gene Therapy Approach**:
- One potential treatment for ADA deficiency is gene therapy, where the functional ADA gene is introduced into the patient's cells.
- This can be done by extracting bone marrow cells from the patient, modifying them to express the ADA gene, and then reintroducing these modified cells back into the patient.

4. **Timing of Treatment**:
- The effectiveness of the treatment can be enhanced if it is performed at an early embryonic stage. At this stage, the cells are still undifferentiated and have the potential to develop into various cell types, including those that can produce the ADA enzyme.
- Early intervention can lead to a more permanent solution, as the corrected cells can proliferate and contribute to the overall immune system.

5. **Conclusion**:
- By introducing bone marrow cells that produce the ADA enzyme into the body, particularly at an early embryonic stage, it is possible to permanently cure ADA deficiency and restore immune function.