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In how many ways non-ideal solutions can...

In how many ways non-ideal solutions can occur ?

A

2

B

1

C

4

D

9

Text Solution

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The correct Answer is:
To solve the question of how many ways non-ideal solutions can occur, we can break it down into the following steps: ### Step 1: Understand Non-Ideal Solutions Non-ideal solutions deviate from Raoult's Law, which states that the vapor pressure of a solution is dependent on the vapor pressures of the individual components and their mole fractions. Non-ideal solutions can occur due to different interactions between solute and solvent molecules. **Hint:** Remember that Raoult's Law applies to ideal solutions, and deviations indicate non-ideality. ### Step 2: Identify Types of Deviations There are two main types of deviations from Raoult's Law: 1. **Positive Deviations**: Occur when the solute-solvent interactions are weaker than the solute-solute and solvent-solvent interactions. This leads to a higher vapor pressure than expected. 2. **Negative Deviations**: Occur when the solute-solvent interactions are stronger than the solute-solute and solvent-solvent interactions. This results in a lower vapor pressure than expected. **Hint:** Think about how the strength of interactions affects the vapor pressure of the solution. ### Step 3: Provide Examples - **Positive Deviation Example**: A mixture of ethanol and water shows positive deviation because the hydrogen bonding between ethanol and water is weaker compared to the hydrogen bonding in pure ethanol or pure water. - **Negative Deviation Example**: A mixture of chloroform and benzene shows negative deviation because the interactions between chloroform and benzene are stronger than the interactions in the pure components. **Hint:** Examples can help solidify your understanding of the concepts. ### Step 4: Conclude the Number of Ways Based on the analysis, we conclude that there are two ways in which non-ideal solutions can occur: 1. Positive deviation from Raoult's Law 2. Negative deviation from Raoult's Law Thus, the answer to the question is **2 ways**. **Hint:** Summarize your findings to reinforce the conclusion. ### Final Answer The number of ways non-ideal solutions can occur is **2**.
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