To solve the question regarding the food components (P-S) and their corresponding sources, we will analyze each component and its sources step by step.
### Step 1: Identify the Food Components and Their Sources
- **P**: Meat, Pulses, Eggs
- **Q**: Butter, Ghee, Margarine
- **R**: Bread, Biscuits, Potatoes
- **S**: Amla, Tomato, Orange
### Step 2: Classify Each Food Component
- **P (Meat, Pulses, Eggs)**: These foods are rich in **Proteins**. Proteins are essential for building and repairing tissues in the body.
- **Q (Butter, Ghee, Margarine)**: These foods are high in **Fats**. Fats are important for energy storage and insulation in the body.
- **R (Bread, Biscuits, Potatoes)**: These foods are primarily composed of **Carbohydrates**. Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for our body.
- **S (Amla, Tomato, Orange)**: These foods are rich in **Vitamin C**. Vitamin C is important for the immune system and skin health.
### Step 3: Analyze the Statements
Now, let's analyze the statements provided in the question based on the classifications we made:
1. **Deficiency of P causes goiter in children**: This statement is incorrect because goiter is caused by iodine deficiency, not protein deficiency.
2. **Among P, Q, R, S, 1 gram of R produces maximum energy**: This statement is also incorrect. Carbohydrates (R) do not provide the maximum energy; fats (Q) do.
3. **Excess of S gets stored in body cells and is used for production of energy whenever required**: This statement is incorrect. Vitamin C (S) does not get stored for energy production; carbohydrates and fats are used for energy.
4. **Deficiency of S causes a disease characterized by swelling and bleeding in gums**: This statement is correct. The deficiency of Vitamin C (S) leads to scurvy, which is characterized by swollen and bleeding gums.
### Conclusion
Based on the analysis, the correct statement regarding the food components and their sources is:
**The deficiency of S (Vitamin C) causes a disease known as scurvy.**
