Hydrogen exists in three isotopic forms, `""_(1)^(1)H, ""_(1)^(2)H, ""_(1)^(3)H` respectively known as protium, deuterium and tritium. Why are all the isotopes neutral in nature?

Options

A. All the isotopes contain same number of neutrons hence, they are electrically neutral.
B. All the isotopes have one electron and one proton, hence they are neutral.
C. All the isotopes have one proton and one neutron, hence they are neutral.
D. Equal number of protons and neutrons in the isotopes make them neutral.

Explanation

To understand why all isotopes of hydrogen (protium, deuterium, and tritium) are neutral in nature, we can break down the explanation into several steps:

### Step 1: Understanding Isotopes
Isotopes are variants of a chemical element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. For hydrogen, the isotopes are:
- Protium (¹H): 1 proton, 0 neutrons
- Deuterium (²H): 1 proton, 1 neutron
- Tritium (³H): 1 proton, 2 neutrons

### Step 2: Identifying Protons and Electrons
The atomic number of an element is determined by the number of protons it has. For hydrogen, the atomic number is 1, which means:
- Each isotope of hydrogen has 1 proton.
- To maintain electrical neutrality, the number of electrons must equal the number of protons.

### Step 3: Counting Electrons
Since each isotope of hydrogen has 1 proton, it must also have:
- 1 electron to balance the positive charge of the proton.

### Step 4: Understanding Neutrons
Neutrons do not carry any charge; they are neutral. The presence of neutrons in the nucleus does not affect the overall charge of the atom. Therefore, the number of neutrons does not influence the neutrality of the atom.

### Step 5: Conclusion on Neutrality
Since each isotope of hydrogen has:
- 1 proton (which has a +1 charge)
- 1 electron (which has a -1 charge)
- Neutrons (which are neutral)

The positive charge from the proton is balanced by the negative charge from the electron, resulting in an overall neutral charge for each isotope.

### Final Answer
All isotopes of hydrogen (protium, deuterium, and tritium) are neutral because they each contain one proton and one electron, which balance each other out, while the neutrons do not contribute to any charge.

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