Food chains generally do not exceed above 3 or 4 trophic levels because____

Options

A. There are limited number of organisms in an ecosystem
B. Larger food chains increase complications of food web
C. A producer cannot be eaten by more than two herbivores
D. Transfer of energy from one trophic level to other is associated with energy loss

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Trophic Levels**: A food chain consists of different trophic levels, which include producers (like plants), primary consumers (herbivores), secondary consumers (carnivores), and sometimes tertiary consumers.

2. **Energy Transfer in Food Chains**: Energy transfer occurs from one trophic level to the next. However, not all energy is transferred; a significant amount is lost at each level.

3. **Lindeman's 10% Rule**: According to Lindeman's law of energy transfer, only about 10% of the energy from one trophic level is passed on to the next level. This means if a producer has 100 units of energy, the primary consumer will only receive about 10 units.

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