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Why penultimate shell (n-1)d e^(-) is re...

Why penultimate shell `(n-1)d e^(-)` is reactive in transition element
O energy of `(n-1)d` and ns is same
O large energy difference between (n-1)d and ns
O little energy difference between (n-1)d and ns
O variable energy of (n-1)d

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