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The cyclotron is a device which is used to accelerate charged particles such as protons, deutrons, alpha particles, etc. to very high energy. The principle on which a cyclotron works is based on the fact that an electric field can accelerate a charged particle and a magnetic field can throw it into a circular orbit. A particle of charge +q experiences a force qE in an electric field E and this force is independent of velocity of the particle. The particle is accelerated in the direction of the magnetic field. On the other hand, a magnetic field at right angles to the direction of motion of the particle throws the particle in a circular orbit in which the particle revolves with a frequency that does not depend on its speed. A modest potential difference is used as a sources of electric field. If a charged particle is made to pass through this potential difference a number of times, it will acquire an enormous by large velocity and hence kinetic energy. The working of a cyclotron is based on the fact that

An electrochemical cell is a device in which the oxidation and reduction half rections are taking place separtely and the electrical energy is evloved as a result of the rection.In fact all redox reactions are of spontaneous nature and the free energy change (triangleG) is negative. This is vonverted in to the electrical energy. (i)Which electrode acts as negative pole? (ii) which electrode acts as positive pole? (iii) ho does curent flow in the elctrochemical cell? (iv) what is the value associated with the working of electrochemicals cells?

Statement is given followed by two inference I and II. You have to consider the statement to be true even if it seems to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given inferences. If any, follow from the given statement . Statement : "Electric supply in Anand Colony will be cut tomorrow after 12 O'clock for thress hours because repariing work will be carried out". Inferences : I. Residents of Anand Colony may use their electrical appliances befores 12 O'clock tomorrow. II. Residents of Anand Colony need training for using electricity economically.

Graphite is a much better conductor of heat and electricity than diamond. This is due to the fact that each carbon atom in graphite:( ग्रेफ़ाइट ऊष्मा ओर धारा का चालक होता है , क्यों ?)