Ecology at the organisms level is essentially physiological ecology which tries to understand how different organisms are adapted to their environments in terms of not only survival but also reproduction. The rotation of our planet around the Sun and the tilt of its axis cause annual variations in the intensity and duration of temperature, resulting in distinct seasons. Give major abiotic factors governing the ecology and explain in short about temperature as a factor.

Explanation

The balance of the ecology is due to the balance between the biotic and abiotic factors that govern the ecology. These factors are: (1) Biotic Factors (a) Autotrophs (b) Heterotrophs (c) Decomposers (ii) Abiotic Factors (a) Temperature (b) Water (c) Light (d) Soil
Temperature is the most important abiotic factor that maintains the balance in the ecosystem and related processes. Temperature regulates the kinetics of the enzymes present in the body of an organism, thereby controlling the metabolic activities of the organism. All related physiological features are governed by the temperature. But certain organisms that tolerate the extreme temperatures have been found. These are extremophiles. The organisms that tolerate wide range of temperatures are called eurythermal and those who tolerate narrow range of temperatures are called stenothermal. They are found to be present in the underwater sea volcanic vents and hot springs as well as under freeze ice cap of polar regions respectively. Therefore the thermal variation decides the extent of a geographically habitual area.