Management of adult-onset diabetes is possible by taking insulin at regular time intervals. If a bacterium were available that could make human insulin, the whole process becomes so simple. Insulin used for diabetes was earlier extracted from pancreas of slaughtered cattle and pigs. Insulin from an animal source though caused some patients to develop allergy or other types of reactions to the foreign protein. Insulin consists of two short polypeptide Chains:
Chain A and Chain B that are linked together by disulphide bridges.
Explain the various steps involved in the production of artificial insulin.

Explanation

To produce artificial insulin, several steps are involved that utilize genetic engineering techniques. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of the process:

### Step 1: Extraction of the Insulin Gene
- The first step involves extracting the gene responsible for producing human insulin from the pancreas. This gene is known as the gene of interest (G.O.I).

**Hint:** Think about where insulin is naturally produced in the body.

### Step 2: Choosing a Vector
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