In our biosphere immense diversity (or heterogeneity) exists not only at the species level but at all levels of biological organisation ranging from macromolecules within cells to biomes. Biodiversity is the term popularised by the sociobiologist Edward Wilson to describe the combined diversity at all the levels of biological organisation. Give an account of causes behind the loss of biodiversity and write a note on habitat loss and fragmentation.

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Solution:

**1. Understanding Biodiversity:**
- Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms on Earth, encompassing diversity at all levels of biological organization, from genes to ecosystems. It is crucial for maintaining ecological balance and supporting life.

**2. Identifying Causes of Biodiversity Loss:**
- **Deforestation:** The large-scale removal of trees leads to habitat destruction, which directly impacts the species that depend on forests for survival. This results in a significant loss of biodiversity.
- **Pollution:** Chemical pollutants from industrial and agricultural activities contaminate air, water, and soil, adversely affecting the health of ecosystems and the organisms within them.
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